The Science of Testosterone & Exercise
Your Baseline
Your baseline testosterone levels (Which simply just means the concentration of testosterone in your bloodstream during rest) OBVIOUSLY depends on your SEX. In men, testosterone is the primary androgen, essential for the development (and maintenance) of muscle mass, bone density, red blood cell production, and just overall well-being. Typical ranges for healthy young men generally fall between 300 and 1,000 nanograms per deciliter (ng/dL). Women will naturally have testosterone too but it's comically lower than a man's (typically between 15 and 70 ng/dL). Your Baseline
For this post, I'm mostly referring to men. I know women care about this subject as well, but unfortunately the research for women and their levels are not researched on the same level as men (as it tends to be). I will include you guys, but it's just not going to be a primary focus.
Acute Testosterone Response
Everyone pretty much knows this already, but for the sake of this post I'm still going to have to explain it. When working out/exercising, there's almost always going to be an immediate change in your testosterone levels. This is not your baseline testosterone levels. Whether it's aerobic (cardio) or anaerobic (weights), you're probably always going to experience this temporary change. Studies have consistently demonstrated that resistance training can significantly boost testosterone levels in the period immediately following a workout. How much it 'boosts' your levels are going to depend on your age and stuff like the exercise itself, including the intensity of the workout, its duration, the total amount of muscle mass engaged during the activity, and the length of rest periods taken between sets in resistance training. This boost also normally only lasts to a few minutes (!) or to an hour. Not normally longer than that.
Increasing Your Baseline via Exercise
Resistance training/weights will most likely have an increase in your baseline testosterone in men, and most likely won't have a super noticeable increase in women. Sorry women, you won't be making those sick ass gains as quickly as men. In men, cardio will have a increase your baseline if you're starting off as obese/overweight but otherwise it's not a super noticeable increase (still an increase) and in women I'm actually not super sure about the outcome. It's possible I missed it in the sea of papers I was looking at.
High intensity interval training (HIIT - Which is short bursts of intense exercise w/ brief recovery periods) in men will cause an increase your baseline levels and in women they will actually a notice a decrease.
High intensity / over exercising of any kind of exercise will lower your baseline testosterone levels. I don't gotta be your momma and explain to you that too much of anything is a bad idea.
You do actually want to be aware of exercise-induced hypogonadism. When it comes to people assuming that working out will decrease your testosterone levels, this is probably what they're referring to. It's normally seen in male endurance athletes. If you're curious why that is, the best way I could try explaining it is it's a disruption within the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis, which regulates testosterone production.
Don't worry, lifting weights 3 times a week is not enough for you to be deemed as an endurance athlete. Actually, regular resistance training and HIIT, particularly for men, have been associated with sustained increases in baseline testosterone over time. Who would've guessed that "maintaining a physically active lifestyle is generally associated with healthier testosterone levels compared to being sedentary"?
On a personal note, beyond its effects on testosterone, exercise has numerous positive impacts on your overall hormonal health and well-being. You should be working out for the sake of your health. Just don't overdo it.
TL;DR: You should workout and then take breaks. That'd increase your levels and just overall good for your health.
Feel free to fact check me. I'll probably argue with you if your point is retarded.
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- Julie Marks, Jamin Brahmbhatt MD., "What Are Normal Testosterone Levels?" Published July 27, 2024 https://www.verywellhealth.com/testosterone-levels-5212199
- Wikipedia "Testosterone" accessed April 14th, 2025 https://archive.is/JNZrz
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- Wikipedia "Exercise and androgen levels" accessed April 14th, 2025 https://archive.ph/Z945d
- Posterity Health "Testosterone Boosting Workouts: Science vs. Myth" published June 29, 2023 accessed April 14th, 2025 https://posterityhealth.com/testosterone-boosting-workouts-science-vs-myth/
- Healthline "Does Working Out Increase Testosterone Levels?" Medically reviewed by Daniel Bubnis, M.S., NASM-CPT, NASE Level II-CSS, Fitness — Written by Tim Jewell — Updated on August 11, 2022 https://www.healthline.com/health/does-working-out-increase-testosterone
- WebMD "Does Working Out Affect Testosterone Levels?" Medically Reviewed by Stuart Bergman, MD on May 05, 2015 Written by Eric Metcalf, MPH https://www.webmd.com/men/features/exercise-and-testosterone
- American Physiological Society (APS). (2016, November 4). 12-week exercise program significantly improved testosterone levels in overweight, obese men. ScienceDaily. Retrieved April 14, 2025 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/11/161104190533.htm
- Ramadan W, Xirouchaki CE, El-Gilany A-H. The Comparative Effects of High-Intensity Interval Training and Traditional Resistance Training on Hormonal Responses in Young Women: A 10-Week Intervention Study. Sports. 2025; 13(3):67. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports13030067
- Hackney AC. Hypogonadism in Exercising Males: Dysfunction or Adaptive-Regulatory Adjustment? Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2020 Jan 31;11:11. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00011. PMID: 32082255; PMCID: PMC7005256. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7005256/